In the alkynes, there is at least one triple bond between two of the carbon atoms. They are unsaturated compounds and are therefore highly reactive. Their general formula is CnH2n−2. The simplest alkyne is ethyne also known as acetylene. Many of the alkynes are used to synthesis other chemical products.
The raw materials that are needed to make acetylene are calcium carbonate and coal. Acetylene can be produced through the following reactions:
CaCO3 → CaO
CaO + 3C → CaC2 + CO
CaC2 + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
An important use of acetylene is in oxyacetylene gas welding. The fuel gas burns with oxygen in a torch. An incredibly high heat is produced, and this is enough to melt metal.
The same rules will apply as for the alkanes and alkenes, except that the suffix of the name will now be -yne.
Reaction of the alkynes like that the reaction of alkenes. For saturation the saturated bond, alkynes need more reactant than alkenes.
Molecules which have the same molecular formula, but differ in the arrangement of their atoms, are called isomers. For example, alkyne compound having the molecular formula of C3H8 can form 1-pentyne and 3-methyl-butyne, that the both compounds are different in properties.
Generally isomers are distinguished into structural and spatial isomers. Structural isomers are molecule that have the same formula and have the same atoms in each molecule, but the order of the atoms in which molecules are different. The differences of order of the atoms produce the completely different molecular structures.
Meanwhile, the spatial isomers relate to the configuration of atoms in the molecular space.
Structural isomers consist of the consecutive isomer, position isomer, and function group isomer.
Constructive isomers happens because by the difference of atoms on the compound having the same molecular formula.
